Title: The fifth cell
Author: K.W. Wachter and D.A. Freedman
Date: December 1999
Pub: PDF
Url: http://www.stat.berkeley.edu/~census/570.pdf
Abstract:
One form of error that can affect census adjustments 
is correlation bias, reflecting people who are 
doubly missing-- from the census and from the adjusted 
counts as well.  This paper presents a method for 
estimating the total national number of doubly-missing   
people and their distribution by race and sex.   
Application to the 1990 U.S. census adjustment leads  
to an estimate of 3 million doubly-missing people.   
Correlation bias is likely to be a serious problem for 
census adjustment in 2000. The methods of this paper 
are well suited for measuring its magnitude.